脚注

  1. ^ Design Patent number D33,212 C.W.Meinecke Sep 18 1900
  2. ^ S. Levin, MB(RAND) VLR.C.P.(EDNN.) DCH, in South African Medical Journal 1971
  3. ^ New York Times 1909年6月30日. 原文： the "menace to health" of "the persistent, and, among poorer classes, the universal sucking of a rubber nipple sold as a 'pacifier'.
  4. ^ British Journal of Nursing: The Midwife Aug 7 1915
  5. ^ According to trademark registration documents 1948
  6. ^ Oxford English Dictionary
  7. ^ Cecilia Viets Jamieson Ropes of Sand Chapter 2: Top's baby (1873)
  8. ^ Madonna and Siskin
  9. ^ S. Levin
  10. ^ Norfolk Museums
  11. ^ OED
  12. ^ Victoria & Albert Museum of Childhood
  13. ^ the journal Pediatrics in September 2000.
  14. ^ http://allabout.co.jp/children/ikujinow/closeup/CU20060126B/
  15. ^ British Medical Journal
  16. ^ Report in Science Daily
  17. ^ A meta-analytic study published in Pediatrics in October 2005 supports this benefit to 1 year of age